Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Practice Questions: Second Edition Part 1

Which flags allow you to specify which Namespace you want to interact with when using kubectl?

What is a Namespace?

What does the 8 in k8s stand for?

Which flag can you use with kubeadm to supply a custom configuration file?

Which Kubernetes component manages containers on an individual node?

What does kubeadm do?

What is the Kubernetes control plane?

What is the primary feature of Kubernetes?

Which intercepts RESTful calls from user operators and external agents, and then validates and processes them?

Which are control plane components on the master node running controllers to regulate the state of the Kubernetes cluster?

Which topology where the distributed data storage cluster provided by etcd is stacked on top of the cluster formed by the nodes, managed by kubeadm that control plane components?

An HA cluster with ___________ topology, where the distributed data storage cluster provided by etcd, is separate from the cluster established by control plane nodes.

Which tool is for managing packages of pre-configured Kubernetes resources?

Which is a tool to help Docker Compose users move to Kubernetes?

Which configuration management tool allows you to manage Kubernetes object configurations? It is a little similar to the helm in that it allows you to share and reuse these template configurations for Kubernetes applications.

You can use which command to safely evict all of your pods from a node before performing maintenance on the node (e.g., kernel upgrade, hardware maintenance, etc.). Safe evictions allow the pod’s containers to gracefully terminate and respect the PodDisruptionBudgets you have specified?

When doing maintenance, you may need to deactivate a Kubernetes node. You may accomplish this by which of the following? Containers currently executing on the node be gently terminated (and potentially rescheduled on another node)?

Which guarantees that a Pod is replicated on all (or some) Nodes. Pods are added to nodes when added to the cluster, and pods are trash collected as nodes are removed from the cluster? When you delete, which all of the Pods produced are removed?

_________ is where all Kubernetes objects are stored. Periodically backing up this cluster data is important to recover Kubernetes clusters under disaster scenarios, such as losing all control plane nodes? All Kubernetes states and crucial information are contained in the snapshot file. To keep the sensitive Kubernetes data safe, encrypt the snapshot files.

Etcd has a ____________ feature. A snapshot can be taken from a live member by using the etcdctl snapshot save command or transferring the member/snap/db file from an etcd data directory that is not presently used by an etcd process. Taking the picture does not affect the member’s performance.

Which is an object that contains a small amount of sensitive data such as a password, a token, or a key? Such information might otherwise be put in a Pod specification or a container image. Using that means you do not need to include confidential data in your application code?

Which API object is used to store non-confidential data in key-value pairs? Pods can consume ConfigMaps as environment variables, command-line arguments, or configuration files in a volume.

As Services are the primary mode of communication in Kubernetes, we need a way to discover them at runtime. Kubernetes supports which two methods for discovering Services?

Which may be defined in a Pod’s configuration and utilized elsewhere in the configuration. To keep configuration artifacts separate and make containerized applications portable, you may define Kubernetes using a ConfigMap in Kubernetes. To set Kubernetes environment variables, you may utilize the ‘env’ or ‘envFrom’ fields?

The other way to pass data to containers is through ________. With that, configuration data from ConfigMap or Secret is passed in the form of a mounted volume. It means that configuration data appear in files available on the container file system. Specifically, does that mean you have a file for each top-level Key in the configuration data, and the contents of that file be all of the data and subkeys associated with that top-level Key?

Suppose the node where a Pod is running has enough of a resource available. In that case, it is possible and allowed for a container to use more resources than its request for that resource specifies. However, a container is not allowed to use more more resources than they should due to which of the following?

Which of the following allows you to specify the number of necessary resources to run a container? They govern which worker nodes the containers be scheduled on. When Kubernetes is getting ready to run a particular pod, it chooses a worker node based on which of that Pod’s containers. Kubernetes uses those values to choose a node with enough resources to run that Pod.

Which probe checks on an application’s health, and if the health check fails, kubelet restarts the affected container automatically?

Which Kubernetes probe can ensure certain conditions are met before an application can serve traffic. These requirements include ensuring that the dependent service is ready and recognizing the need to load a huge dataset.

The kubelet uses which probe to know when a container application has started. If such a probe is configured, it disables liveness and readiness checks until it succeeds, ensuring that those probes do not interfere with the application startup. It can be used to implement liveness checks on slow-starting containers, preventing them from being destroyed by the kubelet before they are fully operational?

Which of the following applies to all containers in the Pod, and only refers to restarts of the containers by the kubelet on the same node? After containers in a Pod depart, the kubelet restarts them with a five-minute back-off delay (10s, 20s, 40s). After a container has run for 10 minutes without issue, the kubelet resets the restart back-off timer for that container.

In Kubernetes, which is the default restart policy? With this policy, containers always are restarted if they stop, even if completed successfully. This policy should be used for applications that always need to be running.

Which policy always restarts containers only if the container process exits with an error code or the container is determined to be unhealthy by a liveness probe? Use this policy for applications that need to run successfully and then stop.

Which restart policy cause the pod’s containers to never be restarted, even if the container exits or a liveness probe fails. This Policy should be used for applications that should only run once and never be resumed automatically?

Which is a simple and effective way to transfer data amongst containers in a Pod in Kubernetes? In most circumstances, using a directory on the host shared by all containers within a Pod is adequate.